ISLAM, Md. Shahidul; RAHMAN, Md Ashikquer; HOSSAIN, Akbar Ali. Causal Inference in Econometrics Using Machine Learning: Estimating the Effect of AI and Automation Adoption on Firm Productivity in Europe. Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing, [S. l.], v. 15, n. 4, p. 3059–3084, 2026. DOI: 10.19139/soic-2310-5070-3212. Disponível em: https://www.iapress.org/index.php/soic/article/view/3212. Acesso em: 1 may. 2026.